Causes of Acute kidney injury (AKI)

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 Pre - renal conditions:

  • Hypovolemia, Hemorrhage, Dehydration 
  • Low cardiac state - acute or chronic heart failure
  • Vasodilatory hypotension - sepsis 
  • Chronic liver disease 
  • Abdominal compartment syndrome 
  • Medications - ACEI, ARB, NSAIDs, Radiocontrast agents 
 Intrinsic renal disease:

  • Acute tubular injury 
  • Autoimmune - 
    • Glomerulonephritis 
    • Interstitial nephritis 
    • Vasculitis 
  • Inflammatory - 
    • Systemic inflammation 
    • Sepsis 
    • Rhabdomyolysis, Crash injury, Burn 
    • Major surgery
    • Cardiopulmonary bypass 
  • Metabolic - 
    • Hypercalcemia 
    • Hyperuricemia
Post renal conditions: 

  • Prostatic hypertrophy 
  • Nephrolithiasis 
  • Bladder tumor 
  • Pelvic mass

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